* [[https://www.bl.uk/medieval-english-french-manuscripts/articles/hebrew-in-christian-manuscripts-of-the-early-middle-ages | 12 century England]]

The 12th century marked a new era of Christian Hebraism in England, with the first significant migration of Jews from the Continent after the Norman Conquest of 1066. Christian access to Jewish books increased during this period, and knowledge of Hebrew among Christians may have been transmitted through collaboration with contemporary Jewish communities. This interchange occurred during the only period when legally sanctioned Jewish populations resided in medieval England, from the Conquest until the Expulsion in 1290 under King Edward I (r. 1272–1307).